From River to Tank: Caring for Your Exotic Arowana Pet

The arowana, often referred to as the dragon fish, is a majestic and highly sought-after species among exotic fish enthusiasts. With its striking appearance, unique behaviors, and significant cultural importance, the arowana is more than just a pet—it’s a living piece of art. This guide aims to provide comprehensive information for both novice and experienced aquarists on how to care for these remarkable creatures.

The Exotic Beauty and Unique Characteristics of Arowana

Arowanas are known for their elongated bodies, which can reach lengths of over three feet, and their large, silver scales that shimmer under the light. Their most distinctive feature is their ability to leap out of the water to catch insects, birds, and even small mammals. This behavior, called aerial feeding, is an evolutionary adaptation from their riverine origins. Their mouths are equipped with strong jaws and sharp teeth, designed for capturing prey in mid-air or underwater.

Culturally, arowanas hold significant value, especially in Southeast Asia, where they are believed to bring good luck and prosperity. The fish’s resemblance to dragons in their native habitats has further solidified their mythical status.

Natural Habitat and Its Influence on Care Requirements

Arowanas originate from rivers across South America, Africa, and Asia. They thrive in warm, slow-moving waters with plenty of vegetation and hiding spots. Understanding these conditions is crucial for recreating a suitable environment in your home aquarium.

In their natural habitat, arowanas face predators and must constantly adapt to changing conditions. This adaptability makes them resilient but also requires careful attention when transitioning them into a controlled tank environment. Mimicking the natural water flow, temperature, and quality is essential for their well-being.

Setting Up an Appropriate Aquarium

Creating a suitable habitat for your arowana involves several considerations:

Tank Size: Arowanas require ample space to swim freely. For one adult arowana, a tank of at least 150 gallons is recommended, with additional space required for each additional fish.
Filtration: Efficient filtration is vital to maintain water quality. Choose a filter that provides adequate water turnover without creating excessive current.
Heating: Arowanas prefer water temperatures between 78°F and 84°F (25°C to 29°C). Use a reliable heater to maintain consistent warmth.
Lighting: Provide a 12-hour light cycle to simulate day and night. Avoid overly bright lights to prevent stress.
Decorations: Incorporate driftwood, rocks, and plants to mimic their natural environment. These items offer hiding spots and help reduce stress.

Water Parameters

Maintaining optimal water conditions is critical for the health of your arowana. Regular testing and adjustments are necessary:

pH Levels: Aim for a pH range of 6.5 to 7.5.
Ammonia and Nitrite: Both should be undetectable. Use a test kit to monitor levels and perform water changes as needed.
Nitrate: Keep nitrate levels below 20 ppm through regular partial water changes.
Hardness: Maintain a hardness level between 5 and 15 dGH.

Diet and Feeding Habits

Arowanas are carnivorous and require a balanced diet rich in protein. In captivity, they can be fed a variety of live, frozen, or freeze-dried foods:

Live Foods: Shrimp, worms, and small fish are ideal for mimicking their natural diet.
Frozen Foods: Brine shrimp, bloodworms, and mysis shrimp are nutritious alternatives.
Commercial Pellets: High-quality pellets formulated for carnivorous fish can supplement their diet.

Feed your arowana two to three times a week, providing enough food for them to consume within five minutes. Overfeeding can lead to obesity and poor water quality.

Common Health Issues and Preventive Measures

Despite their hardiness, arowanas can encounter health issues if their environment is not properly maintained. Some common problems include:

Fin Rot: Caused by bacteria, this condition results in frayed or discolored fins. Maintain excellent water quality and treat with appropriate medications if necessary.
Fungal Infections: Characterized by white patches on the body or fins, these infections are often secondary to injuries or poor water conditions. Improve water quality and use antifungal treatments.
Parasites: External parasites like ich can cause irritation and lethargy. Quarantine new fish and treat with appropriate medication.

Preventative measures include maintaining clean water, providing a balanced diet, and minimizing stress. Regularly check your fish for signs of illness and address any issues promptly.

Handling and Interacting with Your Arowana

Interacting with your arowana can be rewarding but requires caution. Arowanas are powerful swimmers and can jump out of tanks, so always cover your tank securely. When handling, use a net or a container filled with tank water to minimize stress.

Regular observation allows you to become familiar with your fish’s behavior and identify any changes early. Engage with your arowana by feeding them at the same time each day and ensuring they have plenty of space to explore.

By understanding and meeting the specific needs of your arowana, you can ensure they live long, healthy lives. Enjoy the journey of caring for these magnificent creatures, and take pride in maintaining such a beautiful and culturally significant pet.